目的对三起石油化工管道泄漏导致的地下低位浅埋爆炸事故的基本情况和应急救援进行比较分析,为避免类似事件的发生和更有效地实施应急救援提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析比较三起石油化工管道泄漏致市政管道爆炸事故的发生原因、伤亡情况和应急救援情况。结果三起爆炸事件均为城市排水系统的爆炸,爆炸物为石油化工输送管道泄漏到城市排水系统的石油化学易燃物,分别是汽油、石油混合气和丙烯。爆炸时石油化工管线平均使用时间为28.67年。共造成伤亡人数2243人,其中死亡346人,受伤1897人。平均伤亡747.67人,平均死亡115.33人。三起爆炸事件相似点为:爆炸发生地点在市区内,均为城市地下排水管网发生爆炸;爆炸原因包括泄漏未被及时发现,或发现后未及时采取应急处置,未进行人员疏散;均为地下低位浅埋爆炸,是分散的多次多中心线性爆炸现场,爆炸碎片复杂;应急救援人员灵活应用“三原则”进入爆炸现场,即垂直进入原则、中心进入原则、点进入原则;爆炸发生后急救医疗体系启动迅速、运行有序、疗效优良;政府应急救援预案启动及时、各部门密切协作配合、措施得当、保障充分有力、善后处置良好。结论石油化工管道泄漏爆炸事故频频出现,每次事故均造成重大人员伤亡、经济损失和社会影响。这类爆炸事件发生原因、伤亡情况和应急救援相似。随着石油化工管道使用年限的逐渐延长,必然再次发生类似爆炸事故,且具体发生时间不确定,发生风险和频次将逐渐增加。 Objective To compare and analyze the basic situation and emergency rescue of three low-lying underground explosions caused by pipeline leakage in petrochemical industry so as to provide theoretical basis for avoiding the occurrence of similar incidents and implementing emergency rescue more effectively. Methods Retrospective analysis and comparison of the causes of the municipal pipeline explosion accident, casualties and emergency rescue caused by the three pipelines leaked from the petrochemical industry. As a result, all three explosions were caused by the explosion of the urban drainage system. The explosives were petrochemical flammable materials leaking into urban drainage systems from petro-chemical delivery pipelines, namely gasoline, petroleum mixed gas and propylene. The average length of time the petrochemical pipeline was used during the blast was 28.67 years. A total of 2,243 casualties were caused, of which 346 were killed and 1897 were injured. The average death toll was 747.67, with an average of 115.33 deaths. Similarities of the three explosions were as follows: Explosions took place in urban areas, all of which were caused by explosions in the underground drainage network of the city; the causes of the explosion were: leaks were not discovered in time, emergency measures were not taken promptly after the discovery, and no evacuation was carried out; For the shallow underground explosion, is scattered multiple linear bombing scene at the scene, the explosive debris complex; emergency rescue workers flexible application of “three principles” into the scene of the explosion, that is, the principle of vertical entry, the principle of entry center, point entry principle; After the explosion, the emergency medical system started promptly, with orderly operation and excellent curative effect. The government emergency rescue plan was started in a timely manner and all the departments cooperated closely with each other. The measures were properly implemented to ensure that the system was fully effective and well-disposed. Conclusion There are frequent accidents of pipeline leakage and explosion in petrochemical industry, causing serious casualties, economic losses and social impacts in each accident. The cause of such explosions, casualties and emergency rescue similar. With the gradual extension of service life of petrochemical pipelines, a similar explosion accident will inevitably occur again, and the specific time of occurrence is uncertain, and the risks and frequency will gradually increase.