通过试验研究了空冷、正面水冷和水冷+回火条件下板材的表面硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率的特点和规律,并借助金相显微镜观察其组织的变化。结果表明:加热面的硬度比基体略高,但明显小于背面;加热区上下表面的屈服强度和抗拉强度大于基体本身,复合区下表面的抗拉强度明显地高于基体本身,出现“反向强化”现象,金相组织解释了这种现象。 The characteristics and rules of surface hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of air-cooled, front-surface water-cooled and water-cooled + temper were studied through experiments. The microstructure of the plate was observed with optical microscope. The results show that the hardness of the heating surface is slightly higher than that of the substrate, but it is obviously smaller than that of the back surface. The yield strength and tensile strength of the upper and lower heating surfaces are larger than that of the substrate itself. The tensile strength of the lower surface of the composite is obviously higher than that of the substrate itself, Reverse strengthening "phenomenon, the metallographic organization to explain this phenomenon.