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本文讨论了唯物辨证法的一对范畴——必然性与偶然性的辨证关系,指出事物在总的方面,在方向上表现为必然性,在具体实现上表现为偶然性;必然性是本质级范畴,偶然性是现象级范畴;科学的任务就是要透过偶然现象掌握事物发展的必然性,从而达到规律性的认识,使人们从自然里得到自由;由于一个必然的事物表现出许多偶然的现象,从而使对事物的认识在广度上是不可穷尽的,而必然性与偶然性的相互转化,使必然性表现出级的差别,从而使对事物的认识在深度上也是不可穷尽的,且使科学的发展表现出一定的阶段性,这种发展往往是“扬”和“弃”的结合,具有“扩展”的性质。
This article discusses a pair of categories of materialist dialectics - the dialectical relationship between necessity and contingency, pointing out that things are inevitable in the direction of the general aspect and contingent in the specific realization; the inevitability is the essential level category and the contingency is the phenomenon Level; the task of science is to grasp the inevitability of the development of things by chance, so as to achieve the regularity of understanding, so that people are free from nature; as a necessary thing to show many accidental phenomena, so that things Knowledge is inexhaustible in its breadth. However, the mutual transformation of necessity and chance makes inevitability show class differences so that knowledge of things can not be exhausted in depth, and the development of science shows a certain stage This kind of development is often a combination of “Yang” and “Abandonment” and has the character of “expansion.”