最早关于企业理论做出一般考察的是科斯1937年的论文《企业的性质》,第一次对企业产生的原因、边界和本质特征进行系统分析和考察。经过几十年的不断发展,现在一般认为企业具有六个方面的基本特征:第一,企业是一个专业化的生产组织,其生产的目的是市场交易。第二,企业内部存在着分工,这使它不同于个人的生产。第三, The earliest general survey of business theory was made by Coase’s 1937 thesis, “The Nature of Business,” which for the first time systematically analyzed and examined the causes, boundaries and essential characteristics of the business. After several decades of continuous development, enterprises are now generally considered to have six basic characteristics: first, a specialized production organization, whose purpose of production is market trading. Second, division of labor exists within the enterprise, which makes it different from individual production. third,