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【目的】内蒙古自治区是中国大豆品种生态类型最为丰富的省份之一,研究内蒙古自治区大豆品种生育期多样性及分布规律,不仅是该区品种合理布局及区内外种质交流的迫切需要,而且可为全国大豆生育期分组和基于生育期组的大豆种植区划提供参考。【方法】以分属MG000、MG00、MG0、MGⅠ、MGⅡ和MGⅢ的21个北美大豆生育期组标准品种为对照,在扎兰屯、赤峰、呼和浩特、杭锦后旗和额济纳旗等5个地点,对从内蒙古自治区各地生产上收集的120个代表性大豆品种进行田间种植,每个品种选整齐一致的15个植株定点观察,分株记载播种期、出苗期(VE)、始花期(R1)、生理成熟期(R7)和完熟期(R8),初霜时记载未成熟材料的最终发育时期。以出苗至生理成熟期(VE—R7)日数作为判定生育期的依据,应用“分年度划分法”对供试品种进行生育期组划分。同时,对代表性品种做地理分布调查,明确其在内蒙古自治区分布的最北界限。【结果】供试内蒙古大豆品种归属于MG0000—MGⅢ这7个生育期组,其中3个早于MG000划分下限1.0—7.4 d,将其归入到MG0000,6个属MG000、20个属MG00、43个属MG0、35个属MGⅠ、8个属MGⅡ、5个属MGⅢ。MG0000分布于大兴安岭东北麓及呼伦贝尔高原东北部地区;MG000分布于大兴安岭东麓近山地区、呼伦贝尔高原的西部及阴山南北高寒地区;MG00分布于呼伦贝尔市大兴安岭以东较冷凉地区、阴山前后冷凉地区局部和阴山东段大兴安岭南部冷凉地区;MG0分布于大兴安岭以东嫩江流域的呼伦贝尔、兴安盟传统农区及通辽市、赤峰市北部山区及阴山山脉前山较暖地区;MGⅠ分布于大兴安岭东南温凉区、赤峰丘陵山地温凉区及阴山南麓温凉区;MGⅡ分布于大兴安岭岭南温和区、阴山南麓土默川平原和河套梁外温和区;MGⅢ分布于西辽河平原温热区、大青山南部梁峁地、河套平原灌溉区和阿拉善高原绿洲地区。根据品种分布区域,参照当地农业区划和气象资料,形成了基于品种生育期组的内蒙古自治区大豆种植区划方案,绘制了各生育期组品种的种植区划图。在以上工作基础上,提出了内蒙古自治区大豆品种引种方案和区域试验分区调整方案。【结论】内蒙古自治区大豆分布区域广,生育期生态类型丰富。通过生育期分组,可优化品种布局,加强区内外种质交流,提高品种选育和推广的针对性,加速品种的推广利用。
【Objective】 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the most abundant ecotypes of soybean varieties in China. Studying the diversity and distribution of soybean varieties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is not only the urgent need for the rational distribution of varieties and the exchange of germplasm within and outside the region, Provide a reference for the national soybean growth period grouping and the soybean planting division based on the growth period group. 【Method】 The 21 standard North American soybean growing groups belonging to MG000, MG00, MG0, MGⅠ, MGⅡ and MGⅢ were used as control. Five species including Zhalantun, Chifeng, Hohhot, Hangjinhouqi and Ejin Banner 120 representative soybean cultivars collected in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were planted in the field. Fifteen plants were selected from the same variety for each variety. The ramets were recorded at sowing, seeding (VE), flowering (R1), physiological maturity Period (R7) and maturity (R8), the initial frost records immature material during the final development period. Taking the number of days from emergence to physiological ripening (VE-R7) as the basis for determining the growth period, the test group was divided into two groups according to the “Annual Division Method”. At the same time, the geographical distribution of representative species to do a survey to determine its distribution in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the most northern boundaries. 【Result】 The results showed that Inner Mongolia soybean cultivars belonged to the seven growth period groups of MG0000-MGⅢ, of which three were lower than the lower limit of MG000 for 1.0-7.4 d and were classified as MG0000, six MG000, 20 MG00, 43 belong to MG0, 35 belong to MGⅠ, 8 belong to MGⅡ and 5 belong to MGⅢ. MG0000 distributed in the northeast of Daxinganling and the Hulunbeier plateau northeast; MG000 distributed in the eastern foot of Daxinganling near the mountainous area, the western Hulunbeier plateau and the Yinshan Mountains; cold and cold areas around the Greater Xing’an Mountains Local and Yinshan Mountains in the southern part of Daxinganling cool area; MG0 distributed in the East Nanshui Daxinganling Hulun Buir, Xingan League traditional agricultural areas and Tongliao City, north of Chifeng City and the Yinshan Mountains anteroposterior mountains warm area; MG Ⅰ distributed in the warm southeast of the Greater Khingan Range Area, Chifeng hilly area and cool area and Yinshan south foothills. MG Ⅱ is located in the gentle south of Daxinganling and Tumochuan plain of south foot of Yinshan and the outer part of Hetao beam. MGⅢ is distributed in the warm area of Xiliaohe Plain, Southern Liangzhu, Hetao plain irrigated area and the Alashan Plateau oasis. According to the distribution of cultivars and the reference of the local agricultural zoning and meteorological data, the planting plan of soybean in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was formed based on the variety of growth period group, and the planting zoning map of the varieties of each growth period was drawn. Based on the above work, the scheme of introduction of soybean varieties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the adjustment program of regional test zones are put forward. 【Conclusion】 The soybean in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a wide distribution and abundant ecological types during its growth period. Through the grouping of growth period, the variety layout can be optimized, the exchange of germplasm inside and outside the area can be enhanced, the selection of varieties and promotion can be improved, and the popularization and utilization of varieties can be accelerated.