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利用土壤溅蚀杯方法测定了西双版纳地区单层、两层和多层人工橡胶林林冠下的土壤溅蚀率以及林外空旷地的土壤溅蚀率。实验结果表明,单层、多层和两层人工橡胶林的土壤溅蚀率分别为林外空旷地的1.55、1.30和1.05倍,表明3种不同橡胶林林冠的穿透水侵蚀力均大于林外空旷地的降水侵蚀力,尤其是单层橡胶林。分析认为,林下土壤溅蚀率和穿透水侵蚀力与林冠结构有着极其密切的关系,尤其是冠层高度、覆盖度。高度较小、覆盖度较大的冠层对控制林地土壤溅蚀和穿透水侵蚀力方面具有明显的正面效应。因此在营造人工橡胶林的水土保持系统时,应在林下种植覆盖高、植冠低的经济作物,从而形成有效减弱穿透水侵蚀力的林冠结构,同时应有效保护、管理林地的地表枯落物层,以减少雨滴对地表的侵蚀。
The soil erosion rates of single, double and multi-layer artificial rubber forest canopy in Xishuangbanna were measured by soil spatter cup method and the soil erosion rate in the open forest was measured. The experimental results show that the soil erosion rates of single layer, multi-layer and two-layer artificial rubber forests are 1.55, 1.30 and 1.05 times of the open forest, respectively, indicating that the penetrating water erosion power of the three different rubber forest canopies is greater than that of the forest Precipitation erosivity outside the open area, especially the single-layer rubber forest. It is concluded that there is a close relationship between forest erosion rate and penetrating water erosive force and canopy structure, especially canopy height and coverage. The canopy with the smaller height and larger coverage has a significant positive effect on soil erosion control and penetrating water erosion control. Therefore, when creating the soil and water conservation system of artificial rubber plantations, economic crops with high cover and low crown should be planted in the forest so as to form the canopy structure effectively reducing the penetrating water penetrating power. At the same time, the surface dryness of the forest land should be effectively protected and managed Falling objects to reduce the raindrops on the surface erosion.