高尔基1909年所著的《俄国文学史》,从文学的本质界定、文学的学科定位、文学的人民性与作家个性、作家创作及文学思潮诸方面,建构起无产阶级左翼文学理论体系的雏形。但若以马克思、恩格斯的美学、文学理论作为参照系来比较、对照,可以发现它在一定程度上对其有所偏离,造成之后激进的形态。 Gorky’s The History of Russian Literature in 1909 constructed the embryonic form of the theory system of the left-wing literature of the proletariat from the aspects of the essential definition of literature, the subject orientation of literature, the popularization of literature and the individuality of writers, the creation of writers and the trend of literary thought. However, if Marx and Engels aesthetics and literary theory are used as a frame of reference to compare and contrast, we can find that it deviated to a certain extent and caused a radical form afterwards.