目的:探索不同神经质水平女性在月经周期中对高兴和恐惧面孔的识别绩效及其与卵巢激素之间的关系。方法:让高、低神经质两组女性在卵泡早期,卵泡晚期和黄体期对不同强度的恐惧和高兴面孔进行识别,并对卵巢激素进行检测。结果:面孔表情识别的正确率在晚卵泡期高于卵泡早期或黄体期,但是没有达到统计显著性。高低神经质组之间没有发现显著差异。此外,男性和高兴面孔识别的正确率更高,反应速度也更快。面孔表情与性别交互作用表明只有在女性面孔上,高兴识别的正确率显著高于恐惧识别的正确率。而男性高兴面孔识别的正确率与雌激素和黄体酮水平均显著负相关,睾酮与面孔识别的反应时相关显著,泌乳素仅与高兴面孔识别的正确率显著负相关。结论:月经周期中面孔表情识别绩效与卵巢激素相关,尤其是雌激素、黄体酮、睾酮和泌乳素可能是影响面孔表情加工的潜在内分泌机制。 Objective: To explore the performance of different neuroticism women in the recognition of happy and fearful faces in menstrual cycle and their relationship with ovarian hormones. Methods: The women with high and low neuroticism were used to identify the fears and happy faces of different intensities in the early follicles, late follicles and corpus luteum, and the ovarian hormones were detected. Results: The accuracy of facial expression recognition was higher in late follicles than in early follicles or luteal phase, but did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were found between the high and low neurotic groups. In addition, masculine and happy face recognition is more accurate and responsive. The interaction between facial expression and gender shows that the correct rate of happy recognition is significantly higher than that of fear recognition only on the female face. However, the correct rate of masculine face recognition was negatively correlated with the levels of estrogen and progesterone. The correlation between testosterone and face recognition was significant. Prolactin was only negatively correlated with the correct rate of face recognition. Conclusion: The performance of facial expression recognition in the menstrual cycle is related to ovarian hormones, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and prolactin may be potential endocrine mechanisms that affect facial expression processing.