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目的:探讨环境因素与6~14岁儿童少年屈光参数的关联。方法:于2016年9—12月在天津市南开区和红桥区,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取566名6~14岁学生为研究对象。通过问卷调查、测量屈光度及屈光参数,包括眼轴长度(AL)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、前房深度(ACD)、晶状体厚度(LT)、玻璃体腔深度(VCD)、角膜曲率半径(CR),通过计算得出轴径比即眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径的比值(AL/CR)和等效球镜屈光度(SER)。采用多因素广义线性模型分析各屈光参数的相关因素。结果:研究对象年龄为(9.8±2.5)岁,其中男性302人(53.4%);SER、AL、CCT、ACD、LT、VCD、CR和AL/CR比值分别为(-1.31±1.85)D、(23.67±1.16)mm、(546.60±31.98)μm、(3.06±0.27)mm、(3.48±0.21)mm、(17.12±1.13)mm、(7.78±0.25)mm和3.04±0.14。多因素广义线性模型分析结果显示,在调整年龄、性别、身高、体重、父母教育程度、父母职业和家庭收入后,与每日读写时间>6 h者相比,每日读写时间≤2 h、3~4 h、5~6 h学生的AL和VCD均较小,每日读写时间≤2 h和3~4 h的学生AL/CR比值也较小,每日读写时间3~4 h的学生ACD较小,而LT则较大(n P值均9 h者相比,每日睡眠时间8 h和9 h的学生AL较大,每日睡眠时间8 h的学生CCT较大,每日睡眠时间≤7 h的学生CR较大(n P值均1.5 h者相比,使用时间≤1.5 h的学生AL、VCD和CR较小(n P值均6 hours, the AL and VCD of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours, 3-4 hours or 5-6 hours were smaller, and the AL/CR ratio of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours or 3-4 hours were also smaller (alln P9 hours, the students with daily sleep time of 8 hours or 9 hours had higher AL, while the students with daily sleep time of 8 hours had higher CCT, and the students with daily sleep time ≤ 7 hours had higher CR (alln P1.5 hours, the AL, VCD and CR of students who used electronic screen ≤1.5 hours per day were lower (alln P<0.05).n Conclusions:Daily reading and writing time, daily electronic screen use time and daily sleep time are the main environmental factors related to eye refractive parameters.