目的分析民族中学肺结核流行病学特征,为有效发现学校肺结核提供科学依据。方法采用暴发调查方法,对在校师生进行结核流行病学调查、结核菌素试验、X-Ray胸片或CT检查。结果绵阳民族中学352名学生中发现肺结核10人,发现率为2.84%;卡痕阳性率为23.86%(84/352),是否接种过卡介苗与肺结核发现无关;44.03%(155/352)的学生PPD试验呈现特异性反应,阳性反应率为29.55%(104/352),强阳性反应率为14.49%(51/352);从PPD阳性反应者中随机抽61人查胸片,检出肺结核3人,强阳性反应者中51人查胸片,检出肺结核7人。结论加强对藏区来绵学生肺结核筛查有助于及早发现和控制肺结核疫情。PPD试验与胸片/CT检查相结合可作为学校肺结核筛检的主要方法,并应将PPD试验注射部位硬节直径超过0.5 cm的所有学生全部纳入进一步筛查范围。 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Minzu Middle School and provide a scientific basis for the effective detection of tuberculosis in schools. Methods The method of outbreak investigation was used to conduct epidemiological investigation of tuberculosis, tuberculin test, X-Ray chest X-ray examination or CT examination of teachers and students in school. Results Among the 352 students in Mianyang Middle School, 10 were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, with a detection rate of 2.84%. The positive rate of card marks was 23.86% (84/352). The BCG vaccination was not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. 44.03% (155/352) PPD test showed specific reaction, the positive reaction rate was 29.55% (104/352), strong positive reaction rate was 14.49% (51/352); from PPD positive responders were randomly selected 61 chest X-ray examination, detection of tuberculosis 3 Person, strong positive reaction in 51 check chest X-ray, detected 7 tuberculosis. Conclusion To strengthen screening of tuberculosis among students in Tibet can help to detect and control the tuberculosis outbreak as soon as possible. The combination of PPD and chest radiography / CT can be used as the primary screening method for tuberculosis in schools. All students with the hard segment diameter of more than 0.5 cm at the injection site of the PPD test should be included in the further screening.