阿伏伽德罗常数的重要性在于它可用作测量物质的量的单位 ,它的数值还可用作度量宏观数量与等量的微观原子数量之间的标度因子。问题起因是严格限定阿伏伽德罗常数 6位有效数字是否无用 ,使得进一步改进测量不确定度至 <1 0 -7NA 的提议悬而不决。测量不确定度的改进与提出改变有效数值是完全不同的 ,果真如此 ,有效数字此类改变都会很好地隐含在不确定度括号内的数字里。问题是基于我们的物质“微粒”特性观念和其紧密相连“数值”概念 ,阿伏伽德罗常数作为物质数量单位基础的确立将非常有用于国际标准单位制 ( SI) ,不仅简化了建立化学量测量结果向国际标准单位制的溯源 (即物质量国际标准单位制的确立 ) ,而且还能建立微生物和尽可能多的其他生物化学测量结果向国际标准单位制的溯源 The importance of Avogadro’s number is that it can be used as a measure of the amount of material, and its value can be used as a scale factor to measure the number of macroscopic and equal amounts of microscopic atoms. The root cause of the problem is whether the strictly valid 6-digit Avogadro’s number is useless, making the proposal to further improve the measurement uncertainty to <1 0 -7 NA. The improvement in measurement uncertainty is entirely different from the one proposed for changing the effective value, and so the significant figures such changes are well within the numbers in the brackets of uncertainties. The problem is based on our notion of the “particle” nature of matter and its closely linked “value” concept. The establishment of the Avogadro’s number as a basis for the unit of matter quantity will be very useful for the International Standard Unit System (SI), not only simplifying the establishment of chemistry Traceability of the measurement results to the International Standard Unit System (ie the establishment of the International Standard Unit System of Quantity), traceability of the microorganisms and other biochemical measurements to the International System of Units as much as possible