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1945年8月美国在日本广岛和长崎投掷原子弹后,美苏两国在氢弹的研制领域便展开了竞争。从美国方面来看,原子弹的研制成功使其思想产生松懈,再加上其核物理学家的内部分歧以及对苏联科学界能力估计的严重不足,一度使得泰勒的“超级”热核弹即氢弹研究陷入停滞;而苏联方面,政府高度重视氢弹研究并为其提供各种便利,苏联科学家具有高超智力和奉献精神,1949年8月29日苏联第一颗原子弹试验成功,打破了美国的核垄断。这使得泰勒的“超级”设计重新得到重视,1952年11月1日,美国成功进行了第一次氢弹试验。而苏联萨哈罗夫提出的氢弹“分层”结构设想,使氢弹的研究于1953年8月12日同样也取得了成功。美苏两国氢弹研制的历史对两国关系及其战略力量的平衡都产生了重大影响。
After the United States dropped its atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union started to compete in the field of hydrogen bomb development. From the perspective of the United States, the successful development of the atomic bombs made their thinking slackens. Coupled with the internal disagreements among their nuclear physicists and their serious lack of ability to estimate the scientific community in the Soviet Union, Taylor’s “super” hot bomb was In the Soviet Union, the government attached great importance to hydrogen bomb research and provided various conveniences for it. The Soviet scientists possessed great intelligence and dedication. On August 29, 1949, the first atomic bomb test was successfully conducted in the Soviet Union, breaking the nuclear issue in the United States monopoly. This made Taylor’s “Super” design a new priority. On November 1, 1952, the United States successfully conducted its first hydrogen bomb test. The structural design of the hydrogen bomb proposed by the Soviet Union Sakharov and the “stratified” structure also made the hydrogen bomb study equally successful on August 12, 1953. The history of hydrogen bomb development in the United States and the Soviet Union has had a significant impact on the balance between the two countries’ relations and their strategic forces.