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恶性黑色素瘤是皮肤黑色素细胞来源的高度恶性肿瘤,发病机制尚未清楚,黑色素细胞痣恶变、紫外线照射、病毒感染等多种因素均与其发生有密切关系。由于其具有转移早、病情隐匿的特点,早诊断、早治疗是恶性黑色素瘤治愈的关键。当前各种靶向治疗在抗肿瘤领域中发挥重要作用,如嵌合抗原抗体及携带药物的重组外泌体与恶性黑色素瘤细胞的靶向结合,已在体外实验中取得了显著效果。现综合国内外文献,就嵌合抗原受体修饰T细胞(CAR-T)和外泌体用于治疗恶性黑色素瘤的进展综述如下。
Malignant melanoma is a highly malignant tumor derived from cutaneous melanocytes. The pathogenesis of this disease is unclear. Malignant changes of melanocytic nevus, ultraviolet radiation and viral infection are all closely related to its occurrence. Because of its early metastasis, the condition of occult characteristics, early diagnosis and early treatment is the key to cure malignant melanoma. Currently, various targeted therapies play an important role in the field of antitumor. For example, chimeric antigen antibodies and targeted recombination of drug-bearing recombinant exosomes and malignant melanoma cells have achieved remarkable results in in vitro experiments. Now comprehensive domestic and foreign literature on the chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T) and exosomes for the treatment of malignant melanoma progress are summarized below.