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近几十年来,世界上各主要产钢国家在发展本国钢铁工业时,一般采取二种方式:一种是大量兴建新厂,象战后日本的钢铁工业就是这样发展起来的。另一种是进行老厂改造,第二次世界大战之后,美国、苏联和西欧等在钢铁工业的发展中,把大部分投资用于对老厂的改造,扩建,新建厂比较少。据统计苏联每年用于老厂改造、扩建的投资要占钢铁工业总投资的70％左右,美国在六十、七十年代的钢铁工业总投资中约有70—80％用于改造老企业,战后二十到二十五年期间美国的钢生产能力已由1亿吨发展到1.6亿吨,其中只建了二个新的大型钢铁联合企业。
In recent decades, the world’s major steel-producing countries have generally adopted two methods when developing their own steel industry: one is the massive construction of new plants, as was the case with the post-war Japanese steel industry. The other is the transformation of old factories. After the Second World War, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Western Europe, in the development of the iron and steel industry, invested most of their investment in the transformation of old plants, expansion, and fewer new plants. According to statistics, the annual investment in transformation and expansion of old factories used by the Soviet Union accounts for about 70% of the total investment in the iron and steel industry. The United States used 70-80% of the total investment in the iron and steel industry in the 1960s and 1970s to transform old companies. During the period from 20 to 25 years after the war, the steel production capacity of the United States has increased from 100 million tons to 160 million tons, of which only two new large steel complexes have been established.