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采用大田试验,研究了24个玉米品种在50%遮光处理下的形态、生理与产量性状的变化.结果表明:与自然光照相比,遮光处理后,玉米的株高降低,茎粗减小,雌雄间隔期延长,净光合速率减小,比叶重减小,地上部干物质量减少,果穗缩短变细,穗轴直径减小,行粒数减少,籽粒产量显著降低,其中雌雄间隔期、净光合速率、比叶重和行粒数变化的百分率与地上部干物质量和籽粒产量减少的百分率之间呈显著或极显著相关,可作为田间鉴定玉米耐阴性的有效指标.采用综合耐阴性状作为评价参数,经聚类分析表明,郑单958、浚单20、登海602等14个品种属耐阴型品种,安玉12、豫玉22等10个品种属非耐阴型品种.表明以形态、生理指标结合产量性状来评价玉米耐阴性较为客观,且简单易行.
The field experiment was conducted to study the morphological, physiological and yield characters of 24 maize varieties under 50% light shading treatment.The results showed that after shading, the height of maize decreased, the stem diameter decreased, Prolonging the interval, decreasing the net photosynthetic rate, decreasing the specific leaf weight, decreasing the dry weight of the aerial part, shortening and shortening of the ear, decreasing the diameter of the cob, reducing the number of rows and grain yield, and significantly reducing the grain yield. The interval between male and female, net photosynthesis There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between the percentage change of leaf rate, specific leaf weight and grain number, and the percentage of dry matter yield and grain yield decrease, which could be used as an effective index to identify the negative tolerance of maize in the field. The results of cluster analysis showed that 14 varieties of Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 and Denghai 602 belong to non-shade-tolerant varieties, and 10 varieties of Anyu 12 and Yuyu 22 belong to non-shade-tolerant varieties. , Physiological indicators combined with yield traits to evaluate the negative resistance of maize is more objective and simple.