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肝硬化患者由于机体免疫力低下、肠道细菌移位等多种原因，很容易诱发感染。其中，细菌感染最常见，是进展为肝功能衰竭、导致病死率增加的主要原因；而真菌感染，主要由假丝酵母菌（念珠菌）引起，通常与诊断延误有关。高度警惕、及时诊断和治疗感染是提高终末期肝病患者救治率的重要手段。现重点介绍肝硬化患者细菌和真菌感染的主要特点和处理方法。“,”Patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to infection due to various reasons such as weakened immunity and intestinal bacteria translocation. Among them, bacterial infections are the most common and are the main cause for liver failure progression, leading to increased mortality, while fungal infections, mainly caused by Candida mycoderma bacteria (Candida), are usually related to delayed diagnosis. Therefore, high vigilance, timely diagnosis and treatment of infection are important means to improve the treatment effectiveness in patients with end-stage liver disease. This paper focuses on the main characteristics and treatment methods of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with liver cirrhosis.