导学3(Units 4—6)导学3(Units 4—6)

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  Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag?
  重点词汇
  1. come v. 来;来到
  Come to me, my boy.
  孩子,到我这儿来。
  The old man came here for a meeting.
  那个老人来这里开会了。
  2. think v. 认为;想;思考
  Do you think it will rain?
  你认为这天会下雨吗?
  I think that it is a good thing.
  我想这是件好事。
  3. know v. 知道;了解
  He knows all the answers.
  他知道所有的答案。
  I know that she is a singer.
  我知道她是一位歌手。
  4. but conj. 但是
  (1) but作连词,可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句,意为“但是,然而”。
  He is only a child, but he knows a lot.
  他只是一个孩子,但是他懂得很多。
  (2) 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。
  I’m sorry, but I don’t like this book.
  对不起,我不喜欢这本书。
  5. always adv. 总是;一直
  always是一般现在时的标志,表示习惯和经常性做的事。第一二人称加always用动词原形,第三人称加always用第三人称单数的形式。
  I always go shopping on Sunday.
  我总是星期天去购物。
  He always does his homework after dinner.
  他总是在吃完晚饭后做家庭作业。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. on the sofa 在沙发上
  2. in your schoolbag 在你的书包里
  3. under your table 在你的桌子下面
  重点句型
  1. Where is...? It’s in/under/on...
  ……在哪里?它在……里/下/上。
  2. Where are...? They’re in/under/on...
  ……在哪里?它们在……里/下/上。
  3. Is it in/under/on...? Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.
  它在……的里面/下面/上面吗?是的,它在。/不,它
  不在。
  4. Are they in/under/on...? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
  它们在……里面/上面/下面吗?是的,它们在。/不,
  它们不在。
  5. I think it’s... 我认为它是……
  基本语法
  介词
  事物和它(们)所处的空间的关系用介词来体现。介词后面可以接名词或代词作为宾语。如果其后是人称代词,要用它的宾格形式,即:him,them,her,us,it,me,you等。
  (1) in 在……中;在……内
  in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我书包里
  (2) on 在……上
  on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上
  (3) under 在……下(常指一个物体在另一个物体的垂直下方,二者之间往往没有接触)
  under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下
  (4) behind 在……后面
  behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后
  Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
  重点词汇
  1. do(第三人称单数形式为does)v. 做(某事)
  (1) 构成一般疑问句:
  Does she have a brother?
  她有兄弟吗?
  Do you want to pass the exam?
  你想通过考试吗?
  (2) do/does + not构成否定句:
  He does not want to be criticized.
  他不想被批评。
  Don’t you live in Chengdu?
  你不是住在成都吗?
  2. have(第三人称单数形式has)v. 有
  (1) 动词have作为“有”使用时,表示“某人(物)有……”,用于第一二人称单数和复数主语;其单数第三人称形式为has,用于第三人称单数和单数主语。
  ①肯定句:主语 + have/has + 宾语
  I have an English book.
  我有一本英语书。
  Lily has a dog.
  丽丽有一只狗。
  They have many friends.   他们有很多朋友。
  注意:在美式英语中,含有have/has的句子要借助助动词do和does以变为问句和否定句,但has要变为have,在作回答时也要用do或does的形式。
  ②否定句:主语 + don’t/doesn’t + have + 宾语
  I don’t have an English book.
  我没有英语书。
  She doesn’t have a new bike.
  她没有新自行车。
  ③一般疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + have + 宾语?
  Do you have an English book? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
  你有英语书吗?是,我有。/不,我没有。
  Does she have any friends? Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.
  她有什么朋友吗?是,她有。/不,她没有。
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + have...?
  How many friends does Lucy have? 露西有多少个朋友?
  当特殊疑问词作主语时,直接用“特殊疑问词 + have/ has + 其他”。例如:
  Who has an English book?
  谁有英语课本?
  3. play v. 参加(比赛或运动);玩耍
  play computer games/volleyball/basketball/ping-pong
  玩游戏 /打排球 /打篮球 /打乒乓球
  4. sound v. 听起来
  sound是系动词,其后常与形容词连用。
  sound good/interesting 听上去不错/有趣
  5. like v. 喜欢;喜爱
  I like fish and vegetables very much.
  我很喜欢吃鱼和蔬菜。
  Jack doesn’t like his work.
  杰克不喜欢他的工作。
  6. only adv. 只;仅仅
  修饰主语时,通常放在主语之前;修饰主语以外时,通常放在动词之前,be 动词或助动词之后。
  Only you can do it.
  只有你能做到。
  I can only play tennis.
  我只会打网球。
  7. let v. 允许;让
  let sb do 让某人做某事
  Let me help you take this desk.
  让我帮你抬这张桌子。
  注意:以动词let开头的祈使句,意为“让某人做某事”,表示说话人的建议,该句型结构是let sb do sth。对该祈使句的回答一般用OK,all right等。否定回答用Sorry, I...等来回答。另,let’s等于let us.
  — Let’s sing ABC song.
  — All right. / Sorry, I can’t sing it.
  — 让我们唱字母歌吧。
  — 好吧。/对不起,我不会唱。
  8. go v. 去;走
  go to 去……;到……
  go常与to构成动词短语,后接地点名词,表示“去某个地方”。
  go to school 去上学 go to the park 去公园
  go to Beijing 去北京
  比较:come和go的区别
  come表示“来”,从其他地方到说话人所在地方;go 表示“去”,从说话人处去另外一个地方。
  come to school表示让某人来学校,说明说话人目前是在学校;go to school表示去学校,说明说话人目前不在学校。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. watch TV 看电视
  2. at school 在学校
  重点句型
  1. Do you have...? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
  你有……吗?是的,我有。/ 不,我没有。
  2. Does she/he have...? 她/他有……吗?
  Yes, she/he does. 是的,她/他有。
  No, she/he doesn’t. 不,她/他没有。
  3. Do they have...? Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.
  他们有……吗?是的,他们有。/不,他们没有。
  Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
  重点词汇
  1. fruit n. 水果
  Bananas and apples are fruit.
  香蕉和苹果是水果。
  I like eating different fruits: apples, pears and bananas.
  我喜欢吃各种水果,比如苹果、梨子和香蕉。
  注意:fruit是不可数名词,但指个别水果或种类时,则是可数名词。
  2. chicken n. 鸡,小鸡(可数名词);鸡肉(不可数名词)   My cousin has two chickens.
  我的堂姐养了两只小鸡。
  I have some chicken for lunch.
  午饭时我会吃一些鸡肉。
  3. eat v. 吃
  Eat some apples, please.
  请吃苹果。
  We eat three times a day.
  我们每天吃三餐。
  比较:eat和have的区别
  (1) eat常和具体的食物名词连用,也可单独使用。
  The boy likes eating strawberries.
  那个男孩喜欢吃草莓。
  Don’t eat too much. It’s bad for you.
  别吃太多。对你没好处。
  (2) have表示“吃”的意思时,常和三餐名词连用,涉及到具体吃的内容时,可与eat互换。如:
  She has breakfast at 7 am.
  她上午七点吃早饭。
  Do you like eating/having chicken?
  你喜欢吃鸡肉吗?
  4. want v. 需要;想要
  (1) want后跟名词,表示“想要某物”。
  I want some water.
  我想要点水。
  I want an apple.
  我想要一个苹果。
  (2) want to后接动词原形,表示“想做(某事)”。
  I want to have dinner.
  我想吃晚饭。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. think about 思考;思索
  2. have breakfast/ dinner /lunch / supper 吃早饭/正餐/午饭
  /晚饭
  注意:(1) dinner通常有两种解释:一是指正餐;可以在中午,也可以在晚上;二是指宴会。(2) supper指晚餐。但需注意,当中午是正餐(dinner)时,晚餐就可用supper.
  重点句型
  1. Do you like...? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
  你喜欢……吗?是,我喜欢。/不,我不喜欢。
  2. Do they like...? Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.
  他们喜欢……吗?是,他们喜欢。/不,他们不喜欢。
  3. Does she like...? Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.
  她喜欢……吗?是,她喜欢。/不,她不喜欢。
  4. I/ We/ They like... 我/我们/他们喜欢……
  I/ We/ They don’t like... 我/我们/他们不喜欢……
  5. He/She likes... 他/她喜欢……
  He/She doesn’t like... 他/她不喜欢……
  基本语法
  行为动词的一般现在时的肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的构成。
  (1) 当主语是第一、二人称单、复数和第三人称复数时:①肯定句:主语 + 动词原形
  I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
  ②否定句:主语 + do + not + 动词原形
  They don’t go out on Sundays. 星期天他们不出去。
  ③一般疑问句:Do + 主语 + 动词原形?
  肯定回答/否定回答:Yes, 主语 + do./No, 主语 + don’t.
  —Do they have a daughter? 他们有女儿吗?
  —Yes, they do./No, they don’t.
  是,他们有。/不,他们没有。
  (2) 当主语是第三人称单数时:
  ①肯定句:主语 + 动词的第三人称单数形式
  He plays computer games at home. 他在家玩电脑游戏。
  ②否定句:主语 + does + not + 动词原形
  My sister doesn’t have a watch. 我姐姐没有手表。
  ③一般疑问句:Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
  肯定回答/否定回答:Yes, 主语 + does./No, 主语+doesn’t.
  —Does your brother have a soccer ball?
  你弟弟有足球吗?
  —Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
  是,他有。/不,他没有。
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