在当今追求学术繁荣的时代,各种批评理论为我们审视同一文学作品、文学主题提供了多种参照和方法。成长问题作为一个文学主题和人生经历中的现实问题,而受到人们普遍关注并且占有相当重要的学术地位。一部优秀的成长小说从某种程度上说体现着文学家对人类命运的关注,其艺术感召力可以被各个民族、各个年龄层次的人所接受。受贫穷,种族主义和制度不公的影响,美国黑人的成长呈现给读者忧伤和悲哀,表现为“反成长”传统。~[1]美国著 In today’s era of pursuing academic prosperity, various critical theories provide us with various references and methods for examining the same literary works and literary themes. As a literary theme and a realistic problem in life experiences, the question of growth has received widespread attention and holds a significant academic status. To a certain extent, a good growing novel reflects the concern of writers about the fate of human beings. Its artistic appeal can be accepted by all ethnic groups and people of all ages. Impacted by poverty, racism and institutional injustice, the growth of Afro-American people presents their readers with grief and sadness as “anti-growth” tradition. ~ [1] The United States