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精确确定两个交会对接(RVD)的航天器之间的相对位置和相对速度是十分重要的。全球定位系统(CPS)相对导航系统是一种适用于交会对接任务的导航系统,因为几乎在RVD的每个阶段都能用GPS实现连续的精确导航。本文提出一种利用差分载波相位测量的增强型GPS相对导航系统。这个系统的载波相位模糊解通过模糊估计滤波器在几分钟内即可解出。因此可以利用厘米级精度的相位测量技术把系统的相对定位精度提高到优于1.0m(1σ)的水平。这就可以保证,单独使用GPS能把追踪航天器导引到与目标航天器相距50m的范围内。采用这种GPS相对导航系统可以放松对其它光学导航敏感器的要求,从而降低整个导航系统的成本。
It is important to accurately determine the relative position and relative speed between two rendezvous and docking (RVD) spacecraft. The Global Positioning System (CPS) Relative Navigation System is a navigation system for rendezvous and docking missions because of the continuous accurate navigation with GPS at almost every stage of the RVD. This paper proposes an enhanced GPS relative navigation system using differential carrier phase measurements. The system’s carrier phase ambiguity solution can be solved in a few minutes by a fuzzy estimation filter. Therefore, centimeter-level phase measurement technology can be used to improve the relative positioning accuracy of the system to better than 1.0m (1σ). This ensures that using GPS alone can lead the tracking spacecraft to within 50m of the target spacecraft. Adopting this GPS relative navigation system can relax the requirements of other optical navigation sensors, thereby reducing the cost of the entire navigation system.