一、地理环境的整体性整体性是地理环境的两大特征之一,是地理环境各要素相互作用、相互制约、相互渗透的重要体现。把握这一特征的基本思路主要有两个:第一,可以从地形、气候、生物、土壤和水文等五大要素中选取一个作为研究对象,探讨其产生、发展和变化的过程,进而把握各要素间的内在联系;第二,准确把握地理环境整体性的具体表现,明确各要素之间能量和物质交换的过程及意义、功能和影响,熟练分析地理环境中某一个要素的变化 First, the integrity of the geographical environment Integrity is one of the two major characteristics of the geographical environment, is an important manifestation of the interaction of the various elements of the geographical environment, mutual restraint and mutual penetration. There are two main ideas to grasp this feature: First, we can choose one of the five elements of topography, climate, biology, soil and hydrology as the research object to explore the process of its emergence, development and change, and then grasp the various elements The second is to accurately grasp the concrete manifestation of the geo-environment integrity, clarify the process and the meaning, function and influence of the energy and material exchange between the various elements, and to analyze the change of one element in the geography environment