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非洲中南部地区的铜资源主要分布在赞比亚、刚果(金)和南非等12个国家,笔者根据非洲陆壳的形成、后期新元古代泛非运动及古生代—新生代的沉积作用等影响,将除非洲大陆西北缘,从摩洛哥到突尼斯的阿特拉斯山脉以外的非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级构造单元;以新元古代泛非运动作为标志将非洲陆块划分为西非克拉通、东北非克拉通、中非克拉通、南非克拉通和泛非构造带5个Ⅱ级构造单元;将中南部非洲地区划分为28个Ⅲ级构造单元。在此基础上,笔者将非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级成矿域,中南部非洲划分为南非克拉通金-铁-锰-铬-镍-铀-金刚石成矿省、中非克拉通金-铜-铁-钨-锡-铌-钽-金刚石成矿省和泛非构造带成矿省3个Ⅱ级成矿省及32个Ⅲ级成矿区(带),其中12个成矿区(带)与铜矿床有关。从地质特征及矿床成因方面对主要成矿区(带)中代表性的沉积变质-改造型铜钴矿床、与镁铁—超镁铁岩侵入体有关的铜镍矿床、与绿岩带有关的铜矿床、与碳酸岩体有关的铜矿床和与灰岩有关的铜多金属矿床进行了系统的总结。在缺乏重点地区物化探资料的条件下,笔者根据非洲中南部铜资源分布的国家、构造单元的划分、成矿区(带)的划分及代表性矿床特征,将非洲中南部地区初步划分为5个铜多金属矿找矿潜力区,并进行了初步的找矿潜力分析。
Copper resources in south-central Africa are mainly distributed in 12 countries such as Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa. Based on the formation of the continental crust in Africa, the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Movement and the sedimentation of the Paleozoic-Cenozoic sediments, In addition to the northwestern margin of the continent, the African continent outside the Atlas Mountains from Morocco to Tunisia is divided into first-level structural units; the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Movement is used as a marker to divide the African land masses into West African craton, northeast African carats , Central African craton, South Africa craton and Pan-African tectonic belt with five Grade Ⅱ tectonic units; the Central South Africa region is divided into 28 Grade Ⅲ tectonic units. On this basis, the author classifies the continent of Africa as grade I metallogenic domain. Central South Africa is divided into South Africa craton gold-iron-manganese-chromium-nickel-uranium-diamond mineralization provinces, There are 3 grade Ⅱ metallogenic provinces and 32 Ⅲ grade metallogenic belts in the iron-tungsten-tin-niobium-tantalum-diamond mineralization province and the Pan-African non-structural belt metallogenic province. 12 metallogenic zones (belts) and copper Deposit related. From the aspects of geologic characteristics and genesis of deposits, the authors discuss the typical sedimentary metamorphism of the main metallogenic belt (belt), the remnant copper-cobalt deposit, the copper-nickel deposit related to mafic-ultramafic intrusion, the copper associated with the greenstone belt Mineral deposits, carbonate deposits related to carbonate rocks and copper polymetallic deposits related to limestone. In the absence of geophysical and geochemical data in key areas, based on the distribution of copper resources in south-central Africa, the division of tectonic units, the division of metallogenic zones (zones) and the representative mineral deposits, the author initially divided the southern and southern parts of Africa into five Copper polymetallic ore prospecting potential area, and conducted a preliminary prospecting potential analysis.