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[目的]研究宁南山区冬小麦农田休闲期保护性农业措施对土壤水分的影响,为该区降雨资源的高效利用以及保护性农业的可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]基于不同时期多个保护性农业试验土壤水分数据比较分析。[结果](1)在干旱的情况下,免耕留茬处理能够显著增加土壤表层(0—20cm)含水量。(2)在免耕的情况下,随着秸秆留茬高度的增加,土壤水分呈现增加趋势。(3)在降雨量较大且降雨量具有连续性的情况下,常规耕作处理在土壤表层保蓄了较多的土壤水分(0—20cm),免耕秸秆覆盖处理能够增加土壤20—80cm土壤水分含量。(4)冬小麦休闲期种植豆科作物,降低了土壤水分,其降低幅度与降雨量以及种植密度有关,种植密度越大,对土壤水分的影响越大。[结论]免耕+留茬耕作措施能够提高冬小麦农田休闲期土壤水分含量,覆盖作物降低了休闲期土壤水分含量。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the effect of protective agricultural measures on winter wheat farmland during the fallow period in Ningnan mountainous area to provide theoretical basis for the efficient use of rainfall resources and the sustainable development of conservation agriculture in this area. [Method] The comparative analysis of soil moisture data from a number of conservation agriculture experiments in different periods. [Result] (1) In the case of drought, no-till stubble treatment could significantly increase the water content of soil surface (0-20cm). (2) Under the condition of no tillage, soil moisture showed an increasing trend with the increase of straw stubble height. (3) Under the conditions of heavy rainfall and continuous rainfall, conventional tillage preserves more soil moisture (0-20cm) on the soil surface, and no-tillage straw mulch can increase soil 20-80cm soil Moisture content. (4) The leguminous crops were planted in the fallow winter wheat stage, which reduced the soil water content. The decreasing extent was related to the rainfall and the planting density. The greater the planting density, the greater the impact on the soil moisture. [Conclusion] The no-tillage + stubble tillage measures could improve the soil moisture content of winter wheat farmland during leisure and cover the crops and reduce the soil moisture content during the leisure time.