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新近达成的《巴黎协议》不仅明确了应对气候变化温度上升幅度的控制目标,而且标志着一个全球性碳减排体系的诞生。本文在对长达160年的碳排放演进历程分析的基础上,重点探讨了《巴黎协议》的本质及其对世界经济的影响。研究发现:碳排放既是一种引发温室效应、带来生态危机的污染行为,又是事关一国实现工业化与现代化的发展权利。在资本主义双重危机的背景下,基于贸易再平衡与转嫁碳减排成本的目的,《巴黎协议》登上世界舞台。其本质依旧是历史累计排放量的不平等,是利用发展中国家的依附地位与改善生态环境的迫切要求进行的第二重环境剥削。《巴黎协议》将基于碳减排约束,通过各国能源结构调整影响国际分工体系,进而影响世界经济体系。中国未来的发展必须坚持绿色理念,关键在于推动产业结构向具有更高技术水平的资本品工业化阶段跃升。只有依靠结构调整,突破中心外围结构,才能切实规避发达国家主导的环境剥削。
The recently concluded “Paris Accord” not only sets out the control targets to deal with the temperature rise of climate change, but also marks the birth of a global carbon emission reduction system. Based on the analysis of the evolution of carbon emissions up to 160 years, this paper focuses on the essence of the “Paris Agreement” and its impact on the world economy. The study found that carbon emission is not only a kind of pollution that causes the greenhouse effect but also causes the ecological crisis, but also relates to the development right of a country to realize industrialization and modernization. Against the backdrop of the double crisis of capitalism, the “Paris Accord” boarded the world stage for the purpose of trade rebalancing and passing on carbon emission abatement costs. Its essence is still the inequality of accumulated historical emissions. It is the second environmental exploitation that takes advantage of the dependent status of developing countries and the urgent need to improve the ecological environment. The “Paris Agreement” will be based on carbon emissions constraints, through the national energy structure adjustment affect the international division of labor system, thereby affecting the world economic system. The key to China’s future development must adhere to the green philosophy. The key is to promote the industrial structure to a leap forward to the phase of industrialization of capital goods with a higher technological level. Only by relying on structural adjustment and breaking through the peripheral structure of the center can we effectively circumvent developed countries’ leading environmental exploitation.