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人工智能创立的前提是:可以用计算解释所有的认知活动。1956年在达特茅斯学院大会上由JohnMcCarthy、Marvin Minsky、Allen Newell和Herbert Simon将人工智能定为一门正式的学科。人工智能的目标是理解智能行为的原理和机制。联合工程的目标是设计能在真实世界中生存并运作的智能制品,并且解决大量极富挑战性的科学难题。 人工智能的主要挑战是建立智能行为的模型和机制。人工智能主要是一门经验科学,研究者们采用经典的“假设与测试”范式去验证这些模型和机制。计算机是从事人工智能试验的实验室。计算机程序的设计、创建、测试和验证正是人工智能研究人员验证假设的过程。 人工智能系统应具备以下特征:展示自适应的面向目标的行为;从经验中学习;使用大量知识;展示自我意识;采用语言和语音与人类交流;能容忍交流中的错误和含糊不清并具备实时响应。
The precondition for the creation of artificial intelligence is that all cognitive activities can be explained by calculation. Artificial intelligence was defined as a formal discipline by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon at the Dartmouth College Conference in 1956. The goal of artificial intelligence is to understand the principles and mechanisms of intelligent behavior. The goal of the joint project is to design smart products that can survive and work in the real world and to solve a large number of challenging scientific problems. The main challenge of artificial intelligence is to establish models and mechanisms for intelligent behavior. Artificial intelligence is primarily a science of experience, and researchers validate these models and mechanisms using a classic paradigm of “what if and where”. Computer is engaged in artificial intelligence test laboratory. The design, creation, testing, and verification of computer programs are just the process by which artificial intelligence researchers validate assumptions. Artificial intelligence systems should have the following characteristics: demonstrate adaptive, goal-oriented behavior; learn from experience; use a great deal of knowledge; demonstrate self-awareness; communicate with humans using language and voice; tolerate mistakes and ambiguities in communication Real-time response.