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目的了解2011年天津市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,并探讨其可能的影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在天津市17个区县抽取128家公共场所,对集中空调通风系统的新风机组类型、新风口位置、清洗状况、公共场所类型及采样点位置等基本情况进行调查。并对风管内表面积尘量、风管内表面细菌总数、风管内表面真菌总数和冷却水嗜肺军团菌进行检测。结果集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量合格率为28.1%(36/128),风管内表面细菌总数合格率为95.3%(122/128),风管内表面真菌总数合格率为94.5%(121/128),冷却水中嗜肺军团菌合格率为64.3%(74/115),其中Lp1型嗜肺军团菌为主要血清型。清洗后风管内表面积尘量合格率高于未清洗(P<0.05),清洗与未清洗的全新风式机组风管内表面积尘量合格率高于回风式机组(P<0.05),未清洗的且新风口在室外的机组风管内表面积尘量合格率高于新风口在室内的机组(P<0.05)。结论本次调查的集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量合格率较低,并可能受到清洗、空调机组类型和新风口位置等因素影响。
Objective To understand the health status of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Tianjin in 2011 and to explore the possible influencing factors. Methods A total of 128 public places were selected from 17 districts and counties in Tianjin by stratified random sampling method to investigate the basic conditions of fresh air units, fresh air outlets, clean status, types of public places and sampling locations in centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems. The amount of dust on the inner surface of the duct, the total number of bacteria on the inner surface of the duct, the total number of fungi on the inner surface of the duct and Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water were measured. Results The qualified rate of dust on the inner surface of air duct of central air conditioning and ventilation system was 28.1% (36/128), the pass rate of total number of bacteria on the inner surface of air duct was 95.3% (122/128) and the total number of fungi on the inner surface of duct was 94.5% (121 / 128). The passing rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 64.3% (74/115), of which Legionella pneumophila Lp1 was the major serotype. The qualified rate of dust accumulation on the inner surface of the air duct after cleaning was higher than that of the unwashed (P <0.05), and the passing rate of dust on the inner surface of air duct of fresh air unit was higher than that of the return air unit (P <0.05) And the fresh air outlet in the outdoor unit duct dust accumulation rate of qualified than the fresh air outlet in the indoor unit (P <0.05). Conclusion The qualified rate of dust accumulation on the inner surface of air duct of central air conditioning and ventilation system in this investigation is low and may be affected by factors such as cleaning, air conditioning unit type and fresh air outlet location.