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中国与西方在WTO稀土案的诉讼博弈虽已结束,中国也以失败告终,但是,该案有关条约解释的问题却值得持续而深入的讨论。这样的讨论关乎条约文本缺失的解释技术,关乎WTO协定的系统性问题,关乎WTO争端解决机制的纠错机制,根本上影响WTO体制存在与发展的合法性基础。本文分别深入讨论了上诉机构报告与专家组报告提及的若干重大条约解释问题。上诉机构报告对《中国入世议定书》与WTO协定之间的系统性关系的解释存在明显失误,对此本文提出纠正意见。专家组报告对文本缺失的解释技术体现司法造法的激进思想,但处理WTO协定的系统性问题时又遵循了文本主义的保守思路,这显然是自相矛盾、双重标准的典型。本文还对稀土案折射的国家主权等根本性问题作了初步思考。
Although the litigation of rare earth cases in China and the West in the WTO has ended and China has ended in failure, the issue of treaty interpretation in this case deserves continuous and in-depth discussion. Such discussions are related to the lack of interpretation of the text of the treaty technology, related to the systematic issues of the WTO agreement, the dispute resolution mechanism for the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, fundamentally affect the legitimacy of the existence and development of the WTO system. This article discusses in depth the major treaty interpretation issues referred to by the Appellate Body Report and the Expert Group Report. The Appellate Body reported a clear mistake in the interpretation of the systematic relationship between the “Protocol on China’s Accession to the WTO” and the WTO agreement. This paper proposes corrective opinions. The expert group’s report explaining the lack of texts embodied the radical ideas of judicial making. However, when dealing with the systemic problems of WTO agreements, they followed the conservative thinking of texts, which is clearly paradoxical and typical of double standards. This article also made a preliminary reflection on the fundamental issues such as state sovereignty refracted by rare earths.