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随着显著低传输损耗玻璃纤维的出现(低于10db/Km)为了制得合适的纤维,已经用新的工艺来适应玻纤的制造了。最近三年来,世界上广泛研究的主要目标是减小光纤的衰减,并已取得惊人的2db/Km的成就。这种光纤是用超纯的或掺杂的二氧化硅而制成。现在,我们进一步清楚,纤维的特性依赖于杂质吸收,材料散射,界面散射和本征吸收。除了材料杂质,纤维的其它特性主要取决于纤维的拉制工艺。拉制纤维的工艺,基本上都采用纺丝的方法,我们所研究和试验的,也就是在玻璃拉丝区纺丝的机理。下面就让我们叙述一下目前在实验室中所采用的几种主要方法,并进行比较。——管棒法——双坩埚法——离子交换法(Selfoc) ——CVD法——塑料包层法对于各种方法,都要说明工艺参数和纤维性能,为了在工业扩大生产中,用实际的指标来选择最好的可能方法,因此,特别强调所涉及到的工程技术问题。这种适合于连续拉制纤维的方法,还具有相应的经济意义
The appearance of glass fibers with significantly low transmission loss (less than 10 db / Km) In order to make suitable fibers, new processes have been adapted to the manufacture of glass fibers. In the last three years, the main goal of extensive research in the world has been to reduce the attenuation of optical fiber and has achieved an astonishing 2db / Km achievement. This fiber is made of ultrapure or doped silica. We now know more clearly that the properties of the fiber depend on impurity absorption, material scattering, interface scattering and intrinsic absorption. In addition to the material impurities, other properties of the fiber depend mainly on the fiber drawing process. Drawing fiber technology, basically spinning method, we have studied and tested, that is, the mechanism of spinning in the glass drawing zone. Let us now describe several of the major approaches currently used in laboratories and compare them. - Tube and rod method - Double crucible method - Ion exchange method (CAC method) - CVD method For the various methods, both the process parameters and the fiber properties should be described. In order to expand the industrial production, Actual indicators to choose the best possible method, therefore, with particular emphasis on the engineering and technical issues involved. This method is suitable for continuous drawing of fibers, but also has the corresponding economic significance