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目的了解安阳市学校和托幼机构人群传染病流行特征,为传染病预防控制提供依据。方法对安阳市2008-2013年学生、幼托儿童和教师3种职业人群39种法定管理传染病和水痘共40种传染病疫情的流行特征进行流行病学描述和分析。结果全市2008-2013年共报告3种职业人群传染病24种15 029例,其中乙类16种4 246例(28.25%)、丙类7种9 632例(64.09%)、水痘1 151例(构成7.66%),发病前5位病种分别为流行性腮腺炎(40.76%)、手足口病(15.05%)、肺结核(11.78%)、乙肝(8.56%)和水痘(7.66%),合计占报告总数的83.80%;呼吸道传播疾病为主,占67.10%;学生病例占58.72%;4岁组年均发病率343.18/10万为最高,2~5岁段发病率高于6~19岁段(χ2=1 549.08,P=0.000);2008-2013年,三种职业人群年发病率逐年下降;4-6月份为发病高峰;城市和农村学生与幼托儿童发病构成比分别为1.25:1和2.12:1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=231.69,P=0.000)。累计报告传染病暴发事件15起,全部发生在学校。结论 2008-2013年安阳市学校和托幼机构人群传染病总体呈逐年下降趋势,低年龄儿童发病率高,呼吸道传染病是防控重点,应强化免疫接种,坚持病原学监测,加强各类学校和托幼机构传染病报告管理措施落实,规范传染病监测、预警和处置。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and nurseries in Anyang, and to provide basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of epidemic situation of 39 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases and 40 kinds of infectious diseases of chickenpox in Anyang from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed and described. Results A total of 15,029 cases of 24 kinds of infectious diseases were reported in the three occupational groups from 2008 to 2013, of which 1646 cases (28.25%) were Class B patients, 9 632 cases (64.09%) were Class C patients, 1 151 cases were chickenpox Which accounted for 7.66%). The five diseases were mumps (40.76%), hand-foot-mouth disease (15.05%), tuberculosis (11.78%), hepatitis B (8.56%) and chickenpox 83.80% of the total number of reports; respiratory-based diseases accounted for 67.10%; student cases accounted for 58.72%; 4-year-old group the average annual incidence of 343.18 / 100000 is the highest incidence of 2-5 years of age higher than 6 to 19 years of age (χ2 = 1 549.08, P = 0.000). From 2008 to 2013, the annual occupational rates of the three occupational groups decreased year by year. The incidence peaked from April to June. The incidence ratios of urban and rural students to kindergarten children were 1.25: 1 And 2.12: 1, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 231.69, P = 0.000). Cumulatively reported 15 outbreaks of infectious diseases, all in schools. Conclusions The population infectious diseases in schools and nurseries in Anyang City showed a decreasing trend year by year in 2008-2013. The incidence rate of children with low age was high. Respiratory infectious disease was the key point of prevention and control. Immunization should be intensified. Etiological monitoring should be strengthened to strengthen all kinds of schools And nurseries and childbearing agencies to implement infectious disease reporting management measures to regulate the monitoring of infectious diseases, early warning and disposal.