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我国刑事法律加强了对刑事被害人的保护,其中被害人谅解制度的发展尤为突出。不仅刑事诉讼法将被害人谅解的重要制度刑事和解正式纳入规范范围,更新的刑法个罪的司法解释也频繁出现被害人谅解的相关规定。但是被害人谅解不仅限于在轻微刑事案件中发挥作用,它还可能对重大刑事案件尤其是死刑案件的刑罚裁量产生影响。追根溯源,被害人谅解在刑事司法中适用的基本依据是刑事实体法的规定。作为一种酌定量刑情节,它不能脱离犯罪行为的社会危害性、犯罪人的人身危险性而独立存在,对司法结果的影响也要受到其他量刑情节和司法裁量权的限制。并且在适用的过程中,被害人谅解的制度化演进,如被害人影响陈述或者量刑建议的发展,不仅有利于刑事法律对被害人权利的保障,也有利于实现刑法的功能和目的。
The criminal law in our country has strengthened the protection of criminal victims, and the development of the system of understanding of victims has been particularly prominent. Not only the Criminal Procedure Law formally reconciles the victims’ understanding of the important system of criminal reconciliation into the normative scope, the judicial interpretation of a new crime of criminal law has also frequently appeared relevant provisions of the victim’s understanding. However, the victim’s understanding is not limited to play a role in minor criminal cases, and it may also affect the discretion of criminal cases in major criminal cases, especially death penalty cases. Tracing the source, the victim’s understanding of criminal justice in the basic basis for criminal substantive law. As a kind of discretionary sentencing circumstances, it can not be separated from the social harmfulness of criminality and the personal danger of the criminals, and the influence on the judicial result is also restricted by other sentencing circumstances and judicial discretion. In the process of its application, institutionalized evolution of victim understanding, such as the victim’s influence statement or the development of sentencing advice, is not only conducive to the protection of victims’ rights by criminal law, but also helps to realize the function and purpose of criminal law.