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1 引言1960年8月,伊瓦尔·贾埃佛发现了超导体的电子隧道效应,这个发现既简单又巧妙.一方面,人们完全可以用10年以前的实验仪器与技术完成这个实验,它只需要一个真空镀膜系统、一块电压表、一块电流表与一些液氦;另一方面,50年代已经有许多实验数据表明超导体电子能谱中存在能隙,1957年日本物理学家江崎发明了隧道二极管,同一年BCS超导微观理论问世,把超导电性和隧道效应联系起来的客观条件已经成熟.奇怪的是,发现这一效应不是在这以前从事数十年超导研究或镀膜研究的物理学家,而是一位才改行从事物理学研究不久的机械工程师.贾埃佛的经历以及他带有戏剧性地发现超导隧道效应的过程确实能使我们得到多方面的重要启示
1 Introduction In August 1960, Ivar Jaeve discovered the electronic tunneling effect of superconductors. This discovery is simple and ingenious. On the one hand, one can use the experimental instruments and techniques 10 years ago to complete this experiment. It only needs A vacuum coating system, a voltmeter, an ammeter, and some liquid helium; on the other hand, there are many experimental data in the 1950s indicating that there is an energy gap in the electronic spectrum of superconductors. In 1957 Japanese physicist Kawasaki invented the tunnel diode. The year BCS superconducting microcosmic theory came out, and the objective conditions linking superconductivity with the tunneling effect have matured. It is strange that this effect was not discovered by physicists who had previously engaged in decades of superconducting research or coating research. But it was a mechanical engineer who had only recently moved into physics research. The experience of Jia Aifu and his dramatic discovery of the tunneling effect of superconductors can indeed give us important insights in many aspects.