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官赈、教赈以及义赈是“丁戊奇荒”中基本的三种救灾形式,是晚清赈济体系的重要组成部分。虽然官赈、教赈与义赈在救济的性质、程序及款项来源方面均存在很大差异,但在实际救济过程中三者却未表现出明显的排斥与抵制,而是形成在官赈为主导下相互协作,互为补充,彼此影响的关系,构成了晚清赈济体系多元化特点的内核。
Relief, Relief, and Relief are the three basic forms of disaster relief in the late Qing dynasty. They are an important part of the Relief System in the late Qing Dynasty. Although official relief, relief and volunteer relief have great differences in the nature, procedures and sources of relief, none of the three have shown any obvious exclusion and resistance in the process of actual relief, Under the guidance of mutual cooperation, complement each other, influence each other’s relationship, constitute the diversity of relief system in late Qing Dynasty core.