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目的了解青海省1～14岁儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)抗体水平,评价脊灰疫苗接种效果。方法采用微孔塑料板法检测脊灰中和抗体,≧1;4为阳性。结果对全省5个地市各选择一个县(区)随机抽取1～14岁儿童共1 069人进行脊灰抗体水平检测。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型抗体阳性率分别为94.95%、95.14%、94.20%。抗体几何平均滴度Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅱ型分别1∶228.16、1∶292.80、1∶216.78。全省不同地区抗体阳性率分布不均,西宁市较高Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为98.62%、97.46%、97.70%,海西州最低Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为90.43%、92.67%、89.01%。各年龄组抗体阳性率差异显著,1～4岁组最高,随年龄增长抗体水平逐渐递减。经统计学处理不同地区及各年龄组抗体阳性率有非常显著差异。不同性别抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论我省1～14岁儿童脊灰抗体水平相对较高,但地区间还有较大差异,建议全省各地,尤其是边远地区要进一步加强脊灰疫苗强化免疫,切实提高免疫成功率。
Objective To understand the level of polio (polio) antibodies in children aged 1 ~ 14 years in Qinghai Province and evaluate the effect of poliomyelitis vaccination. Methods The microplate plastic plate method was used to detect neutralizing antibodies in poliovirus, ≧ 1; 4 was positive. Results A total of 1 069 children aged from 1 to 14 years were randomly selected from one of the five prefectures and cities in the province to detect the level of poliovirus antibody. Results The positive rates of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ antibodies were 94.95%, 95.14% and 94.20% respectively. Antibody geometric mean titers I, II and II were 1:228.16, 1: 292.80 and 1: 216.78, respectively. The positive rates of antibodies in different regions of the province were unevenly distributed. The highest levels of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in Xining City were 98.62%, 97.46% and 97.70% respectively. The lowest levels of Type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in Haixi were 90.43% and 92.67% 89.01%. The positive rate of antibody in each age group was significantly different, the highest in the group of 1 to 4 years old, the antibody level gradually decreased with age. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of antibody in different regions and age groups after statistical processing. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of different sex antibody. Conclusions The level of poliovirus in children aged from 1 to 14 in our province is relatively high, but there are still significant differences among regions. It is suggested that the polio vaccine should be further strengthened in all parts of the province, especially in remote areas, and the successful rate should be improved.