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When a highly charged ion with many inner shell holes is approaching to a metallic surface, the conducting -band electrons in the metal can resonantly transfer into the high orbits of the projectile at a large distance. In this way, the ion could be temporarily neutralized to form a hollow atom with outer shell occupied and inner shells empty. The hollow atoms may de-excite by auto ionization, Auger electron emission and cascade radioactive X-rays. At the very moment when the projectile reaching the surface, its outer shell electrons will be partly peeled off, however the holes in the inner-most shell could still survive for a
When a highly charged ion with many inner shell holes is approaching to a metallic surface, the conducting-band electrons in the metal can resonantly transfer into the high orbits of the projectile at a large distance. In this way, the ion could be temporarily neutralized to form a hollow atom with outer shell occupied and inner shells empty. The hollow atoms may de-excite by auto ionization, Auger electron emission and cascade radioactive X-rays. At the very moment when the projectile reaches the surface, its outer shell electrons will be partly peeled off, however the holes in the inner-most shell could still survive for a