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目的探讨精神发育迟滞的发病原因,为预防和康复教育提供依据。方法应用盖塞尔(Gesell)量表和《婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表》对儿童进行智力测验和综合评估。结果113例中轻度14例,中度20例,重度29例,极重度50例。病因,早产20例,窒息33例,先天愚型13例,脑炎5例,苯丙酮尿症3例,不详42例。合并症,脑瘫53例,癫痫16例,弱视9例,先心6例,脑积水2例,耳聋、腭裂各1例。结论早产、窒息和先天愚型是精神发育迟滞的主要原因,应加强孕期咨询和围产期保健,早期发现早期干预。康复教育根据精神发育迟滞类型采用相应的策略。
Objective To explore the causes of mental retardation and provide the basis for prevention and rehabilitation education. Methods The children were subjected to mental tests and comprehensive assessments using the Gesell scale and the Infant - Junior Middle School Social Living Scale. Results Among 113 cases, 14 were mild, 20 were moderate, 29 were severe, and 50 were extremely severe. Etiology, 20 cases of preterm birth, 33 cases of asphyxia, Down’s syndrome in 13 cases, 5 cases of encephalitis, 3 cases of phenylketonuria, 42 cases unknown. Complications, cerebral palsy in 53 cases, epilepsy in 16 cases, amblyopia in 9 cases, 6 cases of congenital heart disease, hydrocephalus in 2 cases, deafness, cleft palate in 1 case. Conclusions Preterm birth, asphyxia and Down’s syndrome are the main causes of mental retardation. Pregnancy counseling and perinatal care should be strengthened and early intervention should be found early. Rehabilitation education according to the type of mental retardation using the appropriate strategy.