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有机岩石学是一门实用性很强的新兴边缘学科 ,着重研究沉积有机质的成因、产状、组成、结构和演化等内容 ,目前已发展成为油气勘探评价中的常规分析和研究手段。结合近年来研究工作所取得的成果 ,简要综述了有机岩石学在研究烃源岩显微组分成因与分类、有机质热演化、有机质类型、有机质丰度、生烃组分和成烃作用、烃类排出、运移和聚集等方面的应用进展 ,充分展示了有机岩石学在油气勘探评价中良好的应用价值。讨论了烃源岩显微组分分类、有机质成熟度确定、生烃排烃作用、烃源岩生烃潜力定量评价等方面存在的问题。提出了有机岩石学在今后油气勘探评价中的主要发展趋势和应用方向。
Organic petrology is an emerging edge subject with strong practicability. It focuses on the genesis, occurrence, composition, structure and evolution of sedimentary organic matter, and has been developed into the routine analysis and research methods in petroleum exploration and evaluation. Combining with the achievements made in recent years, the research progress of organic petrology in the study of the origin and classification of microscopic components of source rocks, thermal evolution of organic matter, organic matter types, abundance of organic matter, hydrocarbon generation components and hydrocarbon generation, The application of organic pollutants, such as discharge, migration and accumulation, fully demonstrated the good application value of organic petrology in oil and gas exploration and evaluation. Some problems in the classification of source rocks, such as the classification of microscopic components, the maturity of organic matter, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and the quantitative evaluation of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks are discussed. The main development trend and the application direction of organic petrology in future oil and gas exploration and evaluation are put forward.