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玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)是一种具有类雌激素作用的非甾体类霉菌毒素,ZEA及其衍生物广泛分布于水稻、玉米和小麦等农作物中,还可以富集于牲畜的肉制品、奶制品中,并可以通过雨水等途径进入水生系统,具有影响人类健康的充分条件。ZEA可以通过多种途径影响机体的功能,一方面,它能够扰乱雌激素的合成代谢及与受体的结合,通过干扰雌激素信号通路来影响动物的生殖能力,造成生殖机能紊乱;另一方面,它还能够干扰DNA和蛋白质合成,引起脂质过氧化作用等,通过诱导凋亡等途径对细胞产生毒性作用,导致生殖细胞的异常死亡。目前已知各种剂量的ZEA暴露可以对雌性生物的生殖系统产生诸如增加生殖细胞凋亡、导致生殖细胞早衰、性早熟、内分泌紊乱、生殖周期紊乱等影响。但对雄性生殖系统的影响研究相对较少,尤其缺少对雄性生物生殖毒性作用途径不同的、雄性性别相关的特有机制的研究。本文将介绍已知的ZEA对雄性生物生殖毒性的作用机制,并总结ZEA暴露使雄性生物生殖系统发生的表象变化,旨在为人类男性生殖能力下降的研究提供新的理论依据和研究方向,进而为人类生殖能力的保全和提升提供新的思路。
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal mycotoxin with estrogen-like effects. ZEA and its derivatives are widely distributed in crops such as rice, corn and wheat, and can be enriched in meat products of livestock , Dairy products, and can enter the aquatic system through rainwater and other means, with sufficient conditions affecting human health. ZEA can affect the function of the organism in many ways. On the one hand, ZEA can disrupt the synthesis and metabolism of estrogen and its binding to the receptor, interfere with the estrogen signaling pathway to affect the reproductive capacity of animals and cause reproductive dysfunction; on the other hand , It also can interfere with DNA and protein synthesis, causing lipid peroxidation, etc., through the induction of apoptosis and other toxic effects on the cells, leading to abnormal germ cell death. It is known that various doses of ZEA exposure can have effects on reproductive systems of female organisms such as increased germ cell apoptosis, premature aging of germ cells, precocious puberty, endocrine disorders and reproductive cycle disorders. However, there are relatively few studies on the effects of the male reproductive system. In particular, studies on the specific mechanism of male-related genitalia that have different pathways of male reproductive toxicity are lacking. This article will introduce the known mechanism of action of ZEA on male reproductive toxicity and summarize the changes in the appearance of the male reproductive system caused by exposure to ZEA in order to provide a new theoretical basis and research direction for the study of the decline of reproductive capacity of human men, Provide new ideas for the preservation and promotion of human reproductive capacity.