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动词与形容词的典型性制约着它们用作主宾语的功能。一般来说,动词的典型性越强,越不易于直接作主宾语;典型性越弱,越易于直接作主宾语。与之相反,形容词的典型性越强,越易于直接作主宾语;典型性越弱,越不易于直接作主宾语。典型动词与典型形容词在用作主宾语的方向上存在对立,主要原因是词类意义的制约以及邻近原则的作用。这种制约性表明汉语为倾向于“形—名”类型的语言。
The typical nature of verbs and adjectives restricts their function as the dominant object. In general, the stronger the verb’s typicality is, the less likely it is to direct the subject. The weaker the typicality is, the easier it is to direct the subject. In contrast, the more typical the adjectives are, the easier it is to direct the subject; the weaker the typical, the less likely it is to direct the subject. The main contradiction between the typical verbs and the typical adjectives as the dominant object is the restriction of the meaning of the part of speech and the function of the neighboring principle. This restriction shows that Chinese is a language that prefers the type of “form-name.”