民族形式论争是中国现代文学史上继文白之争、新旧诗之争、中西文学之争、艺术与科学之争、现实主义与现代主义之争之后的又一次重大文艺论争。“抗战”爆发后,文学需要承担起动员大众、鼓舞大众的职责,因此,民族形式问题就成了深受关注的重大文艺问题。对于民族形式的强调,既是为了强化民族意识,也是基于战争期间广泛动员大众的需要。关于民族形式的论争,是在论辩双方都对创造民族形式的必要性予以肯定的前提下,围绕着向林冰的“民族形式的中心源泉是民间形式”这一观点展开。从文学史的角度来看,民族形式论争作为“抗战”以来文艺民族化思潮的主体,既是“五四”时期新旧中西之争的拓展,也是1930年代文艺大众化问题讨论的深化,不仅关乎中国文学的发展方向,也关乎对“五四”新文艺传统的正确评价,论争中所触及到的文学的源泉、文学的社会功能、文学的民族性与世界性等问题,具有超越特定历史背景和特定政治目标的普遍性理论意义。新世纪中国文学领域以莫言为代表的“从西方文学大踏步撤退”的民间化发展方向即是民族形式探索的当代延伸。该文对民族形式论争的背景、要点、理论价值,民族形式创造与旧形式、外来形式以及“五四”新文艺传统的关系,进行了简要分析,充分肯定了民族形式论争的文学史意义,并以莫言为例,论及民族化小说的当代发展。 The debates on ethnic forms are another major literary and artistic controversy in the history of Chinese modern literature following the controversy over the writing of texts, the controversy of new and old poems, the controversy between Chinese and western literature, the controversy between art and science, and the struggle between realism and modernism. After the outbreak of the “Anti-Japanese War,” literature needs to assume the responsibility of mobilizing the public and invigorating the public. Therefore, the issue of the national form has become a major literary and art issue of great concern. The emphasis on the ethnic forms is both aimed at strengthening national awareness and at the need to mobilize the public broadly during the war. The debate on the national form is based on the affirmation of the necessity of the creation of the national form by both sides of the debate and around the point of view that “the central source of the national form of Lin Bing is the folk form.” From the perspective of literary history, the debate on the national form as the main body of the trend of the nationalization of literature and art since the “War Against Japan” is not only the expansion of the dispute between China and the West during the May Fourth Movement but also the deepening discussion on the popularization of literature and art in the 1930s, It not only concerns the development direction of Chinese literature, but also concerns the correct evaluation of the new literary tradition of May Fourth Movement, the sources of literature touched upon in the debate, the social functions of literature, the nationality of literature and the world. Beyond the historical background and specific political goals of the universal significance of the theory. In the new century, Mo Yan as the representative of the “literary retreat from western literature” is the current extension of the exploration of the national form. This article makes a brief analysis of the background, key points, theoretical value, the relationship between the creation of the ethnic forms and the old forms, the foreign forms and the “New Culture and Art Traits of the May 4th Movement”, and fully affirms the literary history of the debate on the ethnic forms Significance and take Mo Yan as an example to discuss the contemporary development of nationalized novel.