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目的探讨武汉市大学新生适应不良状况及其与家庭环境因素之间的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取武汉市两所综合性大学1 188名大学新生进行问卷调查,收到有效问卷1 072份。资料分析采用t检验和2检验比较组间差异,用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探讨不同性别大学新生适应不良与家庭环境因素的关系。结果不同性别之间,适应不良在总体上差异无统计学意义(t=0.20,P=0.838);情绪适应和躯体适应维度女生得分高于男生(t1=-3.19,P1=0.001;t2=-2.28,P2=0.023);行为适应维度男生得分高于女生(t=2.92,P=0.004)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示:男生中,家庭环境因素对适应不良的发生影响均无统计学意义(均有P>0.05);女生中,父母经常打架是适应不良发生的危险因素(OR=4.44,95%CI:1.77~9.13),经常主动向家人谈心里话是其保护因素(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.19~0.90)。结论本研究显示不同性别大学新生在不同适应维度发生的状况不同。家庭环境因素与大学新生适应不良之间的关系存在性别差异,应针对不同性别适应不良采取不同的干预措施。
Objective To explore the relationship between the undergraduates’ adaptability and their relationship with family environmental factors in Wuhan. Methods A total of 1 188 freshmen from two comprehensive universities in Wuhan were recruited by cluster sampling method to conduct questionnaire survey, and 1,072 valid questionnaires were received. Data analysis using t test and 2 test to compare the differences between groups, using multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis of different gender university freshmen adaptation and family environment factors. Results There was no significant difference in overall maladjustment between males and females (t = 0.20, P = 0.838). Female students in emotional adaptation and physical fitness were higher than boys (t1 = -3.19, P1 = 0.001; 2.28, P2 = 0.023). Male students score higher than girls in behavioral adaptation (t = 2.92, P = 0.004). Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that among boys, family environmental factors had no significant effect on maladaptation (all P> 0.05). Of the girls, regular parental fighting was a risk factor for maladaptation (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.77 ~ 9.13). It is often the protective factor when talking to family members frequently (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.90). Conclusions This study shows that different gender university freshmen have different status in different adaptation dimensions. There are gender differences in the relationship between family environment and university freshmen’s maladaptation. Different interventions should be taken for different gender maladjustments.