Transportation Problems (TP), as is known, are a basic network problem which can be formulated as a Linear Programming Problem (LPP). Transportation networks ar
An efficient way of noise reduction has been presented: A modified Costas loop called as Masterpiece. The basic version of the Costas loop has been developed fo
An algorithm is presented for estimating the expected number of customers for a class of Markovian queueing systems. The class is characterized by those systems