史前时期,猪被广泛用于丧葬活动,不仅间接地反映了社会财富分化、地位等级差别等,同时也可能与上层社会进行远程交换有关[1]。史前时期墓葬中除有少量的整猪随葬外,还常见猪的部分肢骨、下颌骨,其中又以下颌骨所占比例最高,占80%以上[2]。因此本文尝试对目前已发表的史前时期黄河、淮河流域随葬猪下颌骨的墓葬资料进行分析(淮南地区的史前考古学文化与长江流域联系更为密切,因此本文仅讨论淮北地区), Prehistoric period, pigs are widely used in funeral activities, not only indirectly reflects the social wealth differentiation, status rank differences, but also may be related to the remote social exchange of upper-class [1]. Prehistoric tombs in addition to a small amount of whole pig burial, but also common part of the pig limb, mandible, which in turn the highest proportion of the mandible, accounting for more than 80% [2]. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the present published data on the tombs of the mandibles buried in the Yellow River and the Huaihe River Basin during the prehistoric period (the prehistoric archeology culture in Huainan is more closely linked with the Yangtze River Basin, so this article only discusses the areas of Huaibei)