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通过研究古哺乳动物的食性来探讨哺乳动物演化与古生态环境变化之间的关系是目前古生物学研究领域的一个热点,而牙齿磨痕分析是恢复古食性和重建古生态环境的重要手段。牙齿磨痕(dental wear)分析包括微痕(microwear)分析和中痕(mesowear)分析,两种方法均强调食性与牙齿磨痕模式的严格对应,即不同食性的动物具有不同的牙齿磨痕特征模式。近年来,牙齿磨痕分析方法以其简单、快捷和高效等优点已被广泛应用于奇蹄类、偶蹄类、啮齿类、长鼻类和食肉类等哺乳动物的食性研究。但哺乳动物的食性和摄食习性比较复杂,很可能会影响微痕和中痕分析对食性的分辨率。所以,为了获得更加详细的古食性信息和更高的食性分辨率,一方面要对微痕和中痕分析方法进行改进,增添稳定并具有食性识别意义的观测变量,另一方面,需要同时结合微痕和中痕分析,从而获得更加全面的食性信息。虽然牙齿磨痕分析目前主要应用于植食性哺乳动物的食性研究,但其原理对哺乳动物的其它类群也是适用的,随着磨痕分析方法的不断改进和其它类群磨痕数据库的建立,未来的牙齿磨痕分析将可以恢复更多类群的古食性,从而可以更加全面和准确地揭示古食性与古环境信息。
Studying the relationship between mammalian evolution and paleoecological environment by studying the feeding habits of ancient mammals is a hotspot in the field of paleontology. However, the analysis of tooth wear marks is an important means to restore ancient food habits and rebuild ancient ecological environment. Dental wear analysis includes microwear analysis and mesowear analysis, both of which emphasize the strict correspondence of diets with the pattern of tooth wear, ie, animals of different feeding habits have different characteristics of tooth wear mode. In recent years, the method of tooth wear scar analysis has been widely used in the diet studies of mammals such as the acerola, the cloven-hoofed, the rodent, the proboscis and the carnivorous, because of its simplicity, speed and efficiency. However, the mammalian food habits and feeding habits are more complex and may affect the resolution of the trace and midkore analyzes of diet. Therefore, in order to obtain more detailed information on ancient herbivores and higher feeding resolution, on the one hand, we should improve the methods of microdots and inadvertently analysis, add observable variables that are stable and have the meaning of diet recognition, and on the other hand, Trace and trace analysis, in order to obtain more comprehensive information on diet. Although the analysis of tooth wear marks is mainly applied to the feeding studies of herbivorous mammals, its principle is also applicable to other mammalian groups. With the continuous improvement of wear scar analysis methods and the establishment of other groups of wear scar databases, the future Dental scar analysis will restore the ancient population of more species, which can more completely and accurately reveal the paleocastal and paleoenvironmental information.