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目的探索和分析同一区域不同季节及不同昼夜监测时段蚊虫种群动态的差异性。方法选取中心城区蚊虫较容易出现的公园和绿化区域环境类型(上海市人民广场及人民公园区域),按照地理分布设置5个监测点,每天分为3个连续时段,连续224 d采用CO2诱捕法进行成蚊监测。结果上海市城区中心地带不同蚊种的月份分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=187.923,P<0.01),淡色库蚊为最优势蚊种〔13.35只/(d·台)〕;季节分布,淡色库蚊高峰期分布于5-6月〔19.93和28.19只/(d·台)〕,白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊高峰期在7月〔10.77和8.79只/(d·台)〕;昼夜节律方面,成蚊密度在3个时段的分布由高到低依次为夜晚和清晨时段(20:00至次日08:00)、傍晚时段(16:30-20:00)和白天时段(08:00-16:30);白天时段白纹伊蚊为优势种(构成比为65.70%),其他2个时段淡色库蚊为优势种(构成比分别为78.14%和66.05%)。结论不同季节及不同昼夜时段成蚊密度和种群构成差异有统计学意义,原因主要由不同成蚊的生态习性决定,研究中还发现较多与文献记载存在明显差异的现象,认为可能与上海市的城市环境及城市光污染有关,该影响因素有待进一步验证。
Objective To explore and analyze the differences of the population dynamics of mosquitoes in different seasons and different days and nights in the same area. Methods Five environmental monitoring sites (Shanghai People’s Square and People’s Park) were selected for the parks and greening areas where mosquitoes were more likely to emerge in the downtown area. Five monitoring sites were set up according to geographical distribution, and were divided into three consecutive days each day. CO2 trapping method Adult mosquitoes are monitored. Results The monthly distribution of different mosquito species in the downtown area of Shanghai was statistically different (χ2 = 187.923, P <0.01), and Culex pipiens pallets were the dominant mosquito species [13.35 / (d · Taiwan)]. The seasonal distribution, The peak period of Culex was between May and June (19.93 and 28.19 / d), and the peak period of Ae. Albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus was in July (10.77 and 8.79 / (d · units)] respectively In the circadian rhythm, the distribution of adult mosquito density in three periods from high to low was night and early morning (from 20:00 to 08:00 the next day), evening (16: 30-20: 00) and daytime (08: 00-16: 30). Aedes albopictus was the dominant species during the daytime (65.70%), and Culex pipiens pallens dominant species (78.14% and 66.05%, respectively) in the other two periods. Conclusion The mosquito density and population composition in different seasons and different days and nights are statistically different. The reasons are mainly determined by the ecological habits of different adult mosquitoes. In the study, there are also many phenomena that are obviously different from those in the literature, Urban environment and urban light pollution, the impact of factors to be further verified.