吸能装置是提高机车车体耐碰撞性能的关键部件。利用显式有限元模拟仿真了薄壁结构的横截面、壁厚和预变形等对其碰撞性能的影响,找出了薄壁结构的碰撞规律。对安装了由薄壁结构组成的吸能装置的某机车车体进行了碰撞仿真,结果表明该结构具有较好的吸能性能。 Energy-absorbing device is to improve the collision-resistant locomotive body performance of the key components. The influence of the cross-section, wall thickness and pre-deformation of the thin-walled structure on the impact performance of the thin-walled structure was simulated by explicit finite element method, and the collision law of the thin-walled structure was found out. The crash simulation of a locomotive body with an energy-absorbing device with a thin-walled structure is performed. The results show that the structure has better energy absorption performance.