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与抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)密切相关的小血管炎称ANCA相关性小血管炎(AASV),ANCA已成为AASV的特异血清学诊断工具。蛋白酶3(PR3)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)是ANCA最重要的抗原成分,在启动中性粒细胞(PMN)全面活化过程中起着重要作用。目前认为间接免疫荧光法联合抗原特异性ELISA法是ANCA的规范化检测方法,而AASA的发病机制可以从PMN活化和血管损伤、PMN凋亡和炎症慢性化两个环节进行理解。此外,针对抗PR3和抗MPO抗体阳性患者的临床特征及组织病理学特点的研究尚待深入进行。
Vasculitis, which is closely associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), is called ANCA-associated vasculitis (AASV), and ANCA has become a specific serological diagnostic tool for AASV. Protease 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are the most important antigens of ANCA and play an important role in the initiation of full activation of neutrophils (PMNs). At present, indirect immunofluorescence assay combined with antigen-specific ELISA is a standardized test method for ANCA, and the pathogenesis of AASA can be understood from two aspects of PMN activation and vascular injury, PMN apoptosis and chronic inflammation. In addition, anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibody positive patients with clinical features and histopathological features of the study yet to be further carried out.