为了解乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗扶贫项目县乙肝疫苗的接种率和乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)携带状况及其影响因素 ,在涞水和巨鹿县随机抽取 5 8个村 5 14对 2 0 0 0年出生的儿童和母亲为调查对象 ,用胶体金试纸条法检测母亲和儿童血清HBsAg。结果显示 :儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率、全程及时接种率、首针及时接种率分别为 92 2 %、90 9%、92 2 % ;住院分娩和家庭分娩儿童首针及时接种率分别为 96 7%、80 8% ,两者差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =36 90 2 8,P <0 0 1) ;第 1胎儿童首针及时接种率高于≥ 2胎儿童 ,两者差异有非常显著的统计学意义(χ2 =15 12 74 ,P <0 0 1)。被检测母亲HBsAg阳性者 10人 (1 95 % ) ,儿童HBsAg阳性者 2人 (0 39% )。这 2名儿童乙肝疫苗首针和全程接种均为及时接种 ,免疫失败原因是母亲HBsAg和乙肝病毒e抗原 (HBeAg)双阳性 ,宫内感染的可能性较大。儿童家长 /监护人对乙肝和乙肝疫苗的有关知识回答正确率平均为 81 8% ,新生儿要接种乙肝疫苗的了解途径 94 2 %是从医生那里得来的。据此建议 :(1)加大其它途径的宣传 ,以便使儿童家长 /监护人有更多渠道了解乙肝和接种乙肝疫苗的知识 ,有效地提高乙肝疫苗的接种率。 (2 )对孕妇进行筛检 ,尤其是在贫困地区对孕妇进行筛检 ,? In order to understand the hepatitis B vaccination rate and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier status and its influencing factors in Hepatitis B (HBV) -based poverty alleviation counties, 5 14 villages were randomly selected in Xushui and Julu County The children and mothers born at 0 years were investigated, and the serum HBsAg of mothers and children were tested by colloidal gold test strips. The results showed that the whole-time immunization coverage rate, full-time vaccination rate and the first-dose timely vaccination rate of children’s hepatitis B vaccines were 92 2%, 90 9% and 92 2% respectively. The timely first-dose inoculation rates of children in hospital delivery and family delivery were 96 7% , 80 8% respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 36 90 2 8, P <0.01) Very significant statistical significance (χ2 = 15 12 74, P <0.01). Among the mothers tested, 10 were HBsAg-positive mothers (95%) and 2 were HBsAg-positive children (39%). These two children hepatitis B vaccine needles and the whole course of vaccination are promptly vaccinated, immune failure due to mother’s HBsAg and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) double positive, intrauterine infection is more likely. The correct answers for children’s parents / guardians about the knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines averaged 81.8%, and the newborn’s access to hepatitis B vaccine 94.2% were obtained from doctors. It is suggested that: (1) to step up publicity in other ways so that parents / guardians of children can have more channels to learn about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccine and effectively increase the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine. (2) screening of pregnant women, especially pregnant women in poor areas, screening?