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矿物药是中药学宝库的重要组成部分。我国现存最早的药学专著《神农本草经》就载矿物药41种。唐《新修本草》矿物药又增加14种。至宋代唐慎微的《证类本草》。收载的矿物药已达139种。 李时珍编著的《本草纲目》52卷,收药物分为61部,60类,共收载药物1897种,附方万余首。该书把矿物药分别记述在土部、金石部,特别在金石部中载述比较完整,“乃集其可以济国却病者一百六十一种”。现就关于该书中矿物药的分类与鉴定方法谈谈窥斑之见,不妥之处,祈望同道教正。 一、分类方法 李时珍将矿物药金石部分为四类,即金、玉、石、卤。《本草纲目》161种矿物药分类排列和现代矿物学的分类有许多相同之处:
Mineral medicine is an important part of the treasure house of Chinese medicine. China’s earliest Pharmacy monograph “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing” contains 41 kinds of mineral medicines. There were 14 additional types of mineral medicines in Tang New Herbal Medicine. To the Tang Dynasty, Shen Shenwei’s “Essentials of Materia Medica”. Already 139 kinds of mineral medicines have been collected. Li Shuzhen’s “Compendium of Materia Medica,” 52 volumes, received 61 drugs, 60 categories, a total of 1897 kinds of drugs collected, with more than 10,000 first. The book describes mineral medicines separately in the Ministry of Earth and the Department of Stones, and is particularly complete in the Department of Stones and Stones. Now on the classification and identification of mineral drugs in the book talk about speculative vision, wrong, hope that the same Taoism. First, the classification method Li Shizhen will be part of the mineral medicine stone for the four categories, namely gold, jade, stone, halogen. The classification of 161 mineral medicines in the Compendium of Materia Medica has many similarities with the classification of modern mineralogy: