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目的了解北京市某区中小企业一线工人享有职业卫生保护权利的情况及其流动情况。方法对被调查的一线工人进行面对面的问卷调查。结果 2013-2015年岗前接受职业卫生与安全防护知识培训率分别为82.3%、83.6%和84.1%。2015年有15.9%的工人没在岗前接受职业卫生与安全防护知识培训。2015年个人防护用品的正确配备率为27.0%。2013-2015年上岗前参加职业健康体检率分别为76.2%、80.3%和85.1%;2013-2015年缴纳工伤保险率分别为84.8%、90.6%和96.8%。企业的工人工作0~1年后39.5%不在原单位工作,1~2年后70.0%不在原单位工作。结论企业应加强工人在岗前职业卫生与安全防护知识的培训,应为工人配备正确的个人防护用品。上岗前参加职业健康体检率逐年增加,缴纳工伤保险率逐年增加。工人流动性较大。
Objective To understand the occupational health protection rights of frontline workers in a district of Beijing and their mobility. Methods Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted on the first-line workers under investigation. Results The training rates of knowledge on occupational health and safety before going to work in 2013-2015 were 82.3%, 83.6% and 84.1% respectively. In 2015, 15.9% of workers did not receive occupational health and safety training before their job. The correct provision of personal protective equipment in 2015 was 27.0%. Occupational health examination rates before taking up employment in 2013-2015 were 76.2%, 80.3% and 85.1%, respectively. The rates of injury insurance coverage in 2013-2015 were 84.8%, 90.6% and 96.8% respectively. After a year or two, 39.5% of the workers in the enterprises did not work in the original unit and 70.0% in 1 ~ 2 years did not work in the original unit. Conclusion Enterprises should strengthen the training of workers in pre-job occupational health and safety protection knowledge and equip workers with the correct personal protective equipment. Occupational health before going to work to participate in medical examination rate increased year by year, payment of work-related injury insurance rate increased year by year. Workers are more mobile.