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β-内酰胺类抗生素包括青霉素类及头孢菌素类抗生素一直是临床抗感染的主要药物,其中较新的第三代头孢菌素及脲基青霉素类因抗菌谱广及改进的药动学性能,因此逐步取代了毒性较大的抗生素。但近来发现某些β-内酰胺类抗生素可产生血液学方面的改变,有的甚至危及生命,它们主要是抑制血小板功能和凝血系统,分别表现为出血时间(bleeding time,BT)改变,凝血酶原时间(pro-thrombin time,PT)及活化部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)延长。虽然不是每个病人都会发生药物性出血问题,但对那些具有出血危险因素的病人给予严密监护并及时调整用药剂量,可有助于避免这些药物所致的血液学方面的问题。
β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins antibiotics has been the main clinical anti-infective drugs, including the new third-generation cephalosporins and ureido penicillin due to broad antibacterial spectrum and improved pharmacokinetic properties , Thus gradually replacing the more toxic antibiotics. Recently, however, some β-lactam antibiotics have been found to produce hematological changes, some of which are even life-threatening. They mainly inhibit platelet function and the coagulation system, showing changes in bleeding time (BT), thrombin Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. Although not every patient is experiencing drug-induced bleeding, careful monitoring of patients with risk factors for bleeding and timely dose adjustments may help to avoid the hematologic problems associated with these drugs.