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目的分析北京市西城区学校水痘暴发的流行特征,为调整现有的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对北京市某区2007-2010年学校水痘监测资料进行流行病学分析,率的比较采用χ2检验及Fisher精确概率检验。结果北京市西城区2007-2010年共报告学校水痘病例1 149例,累计发生水痘暴发疫情12起,无死亡病例。水痘的发病高峰集中在3-6月、10-12月。小学生水痘发病率(5.48‰)高于大学生(1.72‰)和中学生(2.17‰)。水痘患者中有免疫史的人群占患病总数的61.71%,而在有水痘疫苗免疫史的患者中接种时间距发病时间超过5 a以上的占53.31%。结论水痘冬春季高发,以轻度病例为主,小学是水痘防病工作的重心。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of chickenpox outbreak in Xicheng District of Beijing and provide the basis for adjusting the existing prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological data of chickenpox in school from 2007 to 2010 in a district of Beijing. The rates were compared using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results A total of 1 149 chickenpox cases were reported in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2007 to 2010. There were 12 cumulative cases of chickenpox outbreaks without any deaths. The incidence of chickenpox in the peak concentrated in 3-6 months, 10-12 months. The incidence of primary school chickenpox (5.48 ‰) was higher than that of college students (1.72 ‰) and middle school students (2.17 ‰). The history of immunization in chickenpox patients accounted for 61.71% of the total number of cases, while in patients with history of chickenpox vaccination, the inoculation time was 53.31% from the onset time of more than 5 years. Conclusions The high incidence of chickenpox in winter and spring is mainly in mild cases. Primary school is the focus of prevention of varicella.